En este capítulo se analiza la dicotomía entre autoritarismo médico y pacientismo, y se explora cómo la comprensión profunda del cuerpo humano se fusiona con la habilidad para comprender y atender las necesidades emocionales y psicológicas del paciente. La relación médicopaciente es el catalizador del proceso de curación y el fundamento mismo de la práctica médica, donde la calidad del cuidado se moldea tanto por el rigor científico como por los valores de los cuidadores y enfermos.
The 21st century opens the door to the diffusion of new technologies in language teaching and learning, facilitating the use of social networks in teaching. Furthermore, new initiatives are being developed which introduce the network as a methodological tool for collaborative purposes, towards a change of modality. Based on all these issues, a new evaluation proposal is needed. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to propose a more complete assessment model, capable of including all skills and easy to apply to each student at the end of the educational path, so that he can perceive and realize the learning outcomes. The empirical studies of the last ten years in the Italian area of the UNED will be developed and discussed in this area of educational innovation.
Didactic audiovisual translation (AVT) has been increasingly studied over the last two decades. From the use of subtitles as a support, soon the application of subtitling as a real task undertaken by students became a reality. From there, the use of didactic dubbing spread as well (both in practice and in research), and more recently, other less familiar AVT modes, such as audio description (AD), subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) or voice-over, have also started to be used in the language learning setting. Likewise, other trends, such as creative didactic AVT, have come to the fore due to the impact they may have on students’ motivation towards language learning. The investigation of active subtitling and dubbing in formal contexts has delivered promising results concerning students’ engagement, improved translation skills, and the promotion of oral and written comprehension and production. Moreover, the application of AVT as a didactic resource in bilingual education has also rendered promising outcomes. All didactic AVT modes can be applied either through interlingual or intralingual translation. This chapter will focus on the pedagogical possibilities of the latter, the intralingual combination, applied to each didactic AVT mode. The potential benefits of every AVT task will be described, reporting on empirical evidence from studies in the field, and a series of methodological guidelines for using the different AVT modes as didactic resources through intralingual translation will be provided. In particular, we will offer proposals regarding the preparation of lesson plans, the selection of video clips, the use of ICTs, timing issues, task design, and evaluation.
The main aim of this chapter is to offer a panorama on the didactic possibilities of intralingual didactic AVT and provide practical and hands-on examples of activities that work in several educational stages. To date, the investigation of AVT in foreign language learning has primarily focused on university students, with few projects devoted to secondary education and virtually none investigating the application of subtitling and dubbing in primary education. By reporting on activities and methodological proposals that have been tested in several educational stages, we will present a more comprehensive and rigorous view on the use of intralingual didactic AVT, describing its benefits and potential drawbacks in the foreign language learning context.
El presente estudio aborda el análisis de la representación de la feminidad en la última novela fantasy de Justine Niogret, Cœurs de rouille (2013), donde los protagonistas —un joven humano y una androide— emprenden la huida al mundo exterior en un ambiente cerrado y post-apocalíptico. Analizaremos la particular relación que se establece entre el hombre y la máquina inteligente con objeto de determinar hasta qué punto la mirada del protagonista masculino y sus conlictos anímicos condicionan la representación de estereotipos femeninos en su percepción del personaje asexuado de la androide. Comprobaremos, además, cómo Niogret privilegia la relexión existencial y ilosóica, frente a un enfoque puramente cientíico o tecnológico sobre el que hubiera podido cimentar la obra.
I argue that behind the 1962 Food and Drug Administration Act we find a combination of two normative principles: a liberal argument for the protection of pharmaceutical markets (in terms of quality control) and a paternalist argument for the protection of pharmaceutical consumers (in terms of drug safety and efficacy). These normative intuitions go hand in hand with the choice of regulatory testing standards: depending on the values the regulator wants to protect, she will avail herself of different testing methods. I explore two potential justifications for regulatory paternalism, in terms of risk aversion and impartiality. I defend our current regulatory arrangement against socialist and libertarian critiques.